5:54 PM
Jam Jacobs
Firstly, let us see what AI is!
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.
AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.
John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."
The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine.
Now about Robots...
Check this quote by Issac Asimov in his stories I, Robot.
"How old are you?" she wanted to know.
"Thirty-two," I said.
"Then you don't remember a world without robots. To you, a robot is a robot. Gears and metal; electricity and positrons. Mind and iron! Human-made! If
necessary, human-destroyed! But you haven't worked with them, so you don't know them. They're a cleaner better breed than we are."
- from I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
"In his series ,Issac Asimov depicts Robots as beneficial to society."
Today, robots are used in many ways, from lawn mowing to auto manufacturing. Scientists see practical uses for robots in performing socially undesirable,
hazardous or even "impossible" tasks --- trash collection, toxic waste clean-up, desert and space exploration, and more. AI researchers are also
interested in robots as a way to understand human (and not just human) intelligence in its primary function -- interacting with the real world
"Robots are comprised of several systems working together as a whole. The type of job the robot does dictates what system elements it needs. The general
categories of robot systems are: Controller, Body, Mobility, Power, Sensors, Tools." -NASA JSC Learning Technologies Project
"To me what makes a robot a robot, and as with every definition you can poke it enough until it breaks, but for me it's something that senses the world in some way, does some sort of computation, deciding what to do, and then acts on the world outside itself as a result."
- Rodney Brooks, the director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology computer science and artificial intelligence laboratory,
"We already live with many objects that are, in one sense, robots: the voice in a car’s Global Positioning System, for instance, which senses shifts in
its own location and can change its behavior accordingly. But scientists working in the field mean something else when they talk about sociable robots.
To qualify as that kind of robot, they say, a machine must have at least two characteristics. It must be situated, and it must be embodied. Being
situated means being able to sense its environment and be responsive to it; being embodied means having a physical body through which to experience the
world. A G.P.S. robot is situated but not embodied, while an assembly-line robot that repeats the same action over and over again is embodied but not
situated." - from The Real Transformers. By Robin Marantz Henig.
Now I will discuss about "Chess Terminator"
For almost as long as we've had computers, humans have been trying to make ones that play chess.(Even before we have computers ,way back to 1769, Von Kemplen built the automaton ,Chess Playing Turk).
The most famous chess-playing computer of course is IBM's Deep Blue,which in 1997 defeated the then World Champion Garry Kasparov.
But as powerful as Deep Blue was, it didn't actually move the chess pieces on its own. Perhaps that's a trivial task in comparison to beating the best chess player
of all-time, but still I was pleased to discover this recent video of a chess robot that more closely fits the true definition of a chess automaton.
The "Chess Terminator" was conceived by Konstantin Kosteniuk, the father and coach of Alexandra Kosteniuk, the current women's world champion. This robot is essentially a chess-playing robotic arm which can grasp pieces, move them to another square, and then press the chess timer to finish its move. The robot is
apparently quite energy efficient as well, as Kosteniuk has claimed that it can continue playing for 24 hours a day for three years straight.
As for how it works, it should be noted that the robot is not actually seeing the board, but rather is connected to it. As the pieces are fitted with sensors, the
robot can detect when they are moved, and responds appropriately. The hand portion of the robot is a three-prong system which can open and close to grasp and release pieces.
The Chess Terminator does have some flaws, however. Note that around the 2:45 mark Kramnik extends his hand offering a draw, but the robot – since it's not fitted with any kind of optical device – just keeps playing, very nearly taking off Kramnik's hand in the process!
The video is here, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsRhTUPQfm4
Though Turk ,Chess Terminator seemed beyond the bounds of mechanism and thereby provoked mechanicians who were interested in testing the limits of their craft to become conjurers. As conjurers, though, they did something of genuine interest: they created machines that straddled the breach between the possible and the impossible.Where as machines like Chess Terminator with its mechanism combined with AI breached the distinctions between machine and human still furthur.
Though at some point of time machines like IBM's Deep Blue beat best chess players of all time.But as humans we stand far more better than mere machines, because the machines themselves need humans to made it, program it. Yes, they indeed can do more complex things than we can do, but We are the master mind behind all that.
So machines can never beat human in any way, though the gap between us is being constantly breached by machines.We can assured of that.
References:
1. http://www.aaai.org/aitopics/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/AITopics/Robots
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
3. http://robotzeitgeist.com/
4. http://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/
5. http://www.gizmag.com/chess-terminator-robot-takes-on-kramnik-in-match/16996/
Abhilash Roy
CS09B012
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.
AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.
John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines."
The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine.
Now about Robots...
Check this quote by Issac Asimov in his stories I, Robot.
"How old are you?" she wanted to know.
"Thirty-two," I said.
"Then you don't remember a world without robots. To you, a robot is a robot. Gears and metal; electricity and positrons. Mind and iron! Human-made! If
necessary, human-destroyed! But you haven't worked with them, so you don't know them. They're a cleaner better breed than we are."
- from I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
"In his series ,Issac Asimov depicts Robots as beneficial to society."
Today, robots are used in many ways, from lawn mowing to auto manufacturing. Scientists see practical uses for robots in performing socially undesirable,
hazardous or even "impossible" tasks --- trash collection, toxic waste clean-up, desert and space exploration, and more. AI researchers are also
interested in robots as a way to understand human (and not just human) intelligence in its primary function -- interacting with the real world
"Robots are comprised of several systems working together as a whole. The type of job the robot does dictates what system elements it needs. The general
categories of robot systems are: Controller, Body, Mobility, Power, Sensors, Tools." -NASA JSC Learning Technologies Project
"To me what makes a robot a robot, and as with every definition you can poke it enough until it breaks, but for me it's something that senses the world in some way, does some sort of computation, deciding what to do, and then acts on the world outside itself as a result."
- Rodney Brooks, the director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology computer science and artificial intelligence laboratory,
"We already live with many objects that are, in one sense, robots: the voice in a car’s Global Positioning System, for instance, which senses shifts in
its own location and can change its behavior accordingly. But scientists working in the field mean something else when they talk about sociable robots.
To qualify as that kind of robot, they say, a machine must have at least two characteristics. It must be situated, and it must be embodied. Being
situated means being able to sense its environment and be responsive to it; being embodied means having a physical body through which to experience the
world. A G.P.S. robot is situated but not embodied, while an assembly-line robot that repeats the same action over and over again is embodied but not
situated." - from The Real Transformers. By Robin Marantz Henig.
Now I will discuss about "Chess Terminator"
For almost as long as we've had computers, humans have been trying to make ones that play chess.(Even before we have computers ,way back to 1769, Von Kemplen built the automaton ,Chess Playing Turk).
The most famous chess-playing computer of course is IBM's Deep Blue,which in 1997 defeated the then World Champion Garry Kasparov.
But as powerful as Deep Blue was, it didn't actually move the chess pieces on its own. Perhaps that's a trivial task in comparison to beating the best chess player
of all-time, but still I was pleased to discover this recent video of a chess robot that more closely fits the true definition of a chess automaton.
The "Chess Terminator" was conceived by Konstantin Kosteniuk, the father and coach of Alexandra Kosteniuk, the current women's world champion. This robot is essentially a chess-playing robotic arm which can grasp pieces, move them to another square, and then press the chess timer to finish its move. The robot is
apparently quite energy efficient as well, as Kosteniuk has claimed that it can continue playing for 24 hours a day for three years straight.
As for how it works, it should be noted that the robot is not actually seeing the board, but rather is connected to it. As the pieces are fitted with sensors, the
robot can detect when they are moved, and responds appropriately. The hand portion of the robot is a three-prong system which can open and close to grasp and release pieces.
The Chess Terminator does have some flaws, however. Note that around the 2:45 mark Kramnik extends his hand offering a draw, but the robot – since it's not fitted with any kind of optical device – just keeps playing, very nearly taking off Kramnik's hand in the process!
The video is here, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsRhTUPQfm4
Though Turk ,Chess Terminator seemed beyond the bounds of mechanism and thereby provoked mechanicians who were interested in testing the limits of their craft to become conjurers. As conjurers, though, they did something of genuine interest: they created machines that straddled the breach between the possible and the impossible.Where as machines like Chess Terminator with its mechanism combined with AI breached the distinctions between machine and human still furthur.
Though at some point of time machines like IBM's Deep Blue beat best chess players of all time.But as humans we stand far more better than mere machines, because the machines themselves need humans to made it, program it. Yes, they indeed can do more complex things than we can do, but We are the master mind behind all that.
So machines can never beat human in any way, though the gap between us is being constantly breached by machines.We can assured of that.
References:
1. http://www.aaai.org/aitopics/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/AITopics/Robots
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
3. http://robotzeitgeist.com/
4. http://www-robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/
5. http://www.gizmag.com/chess-terminator-robot-takes-on-kramnik-in-match/16996/
Abhilash Roy
CS09B012
1 comments:
The Chess Terminator does have some flaws, however. Note that around the 2:45 mark Kramnik extends his hand offering a draw, but the robot – since it's not fitted with any kind of optical device – just keeps playing, very nearly taking off Kramnik's hand in the process!
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